Temporary Mortgage Loans and Buying a Home

Buying a home has been tougher due to the mortgage crisis and the resulting credit crunch. This article describes some of the consequences of the crisis including the discontinuance and temporary appearance of some loans.

The serious losses suffered by Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSE's), Wall Street firms, and other investors across the United States brought about credit tightening and the disappearance of the loan products that caused these losses. The leading culprit was the high-risk, 100% CLTV 2nd mortgages on investment properties, most of which were executed with Stated Income and Stated Income Stated Asset (SISA) documentation. This loan type started disappearing two to two and a half years ago with credit tightening or discontinuance happening rapidly. Other high-risk loan types that resulted in significant damage were the Owner Occupied SISA and No Doc loans. Most lenders no longer offer these loans.

The struggle to correct the plight of high losses was so severe that maximum loan-to-value (LTV) percentages were decreased for conforming full-documentation mortgages for houses located in declining markets (areas where home values have decreased). The reduction was instituted to ameliorate default rates, and is being lifted during the summer 2008 under certain circumstances.

During the first half of 2008, conventional/conforming loans (non-governmental loans equal to or under $417,000) and FHA loans have been popular. Borrowers with low credit scores have the possibility of qualifying with both types of loans, although the FHA loans may be capped at a minimum of 580 FICO score. FHA loans allow a slightly higher loan-to-value ratio (lower down payment) than the conventional loans.

Here are three new (and temporary) mortgage programs:

FHASecure - this is an FHA-insured refinance loan that is available for homeowners that currently have a non-FHA adjustable rate mortgage (ARM). It was originally intended for people who defaulted, or would likely default, on their ARM when the rate reset; it was later made available to a wider demographic.

FHA High Balance - HUD (the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development) has established limits for its FHA-insured loans that vary by county. It has temporarily increased the allowable size of the loans that it insures. These higher balance loans may actually have better rates than smaller FHA loans.

Agency/Conforming Jumbos - Mortgages greater than $417,000 are considered "Jumbo" loans. Loans for amounts equal to or smaller than this are called "Conforming" loans and have different guidelines than Jumbo loans that must be met in order to qualify for the loan. Agency/Conforming loans are mortgages starting at $417,001 that can go up to $729,750 and that qualify under the regular Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac conforming loan guidelines -- with some additional underwriting restrictions. As with FHA High Balance loans, the actual maximum loan amount is determined by the HUD county limits is valid only for 1-unit purchases (i.e., the maximum does not apply to duplexes).